Exercise 1.  Find the principal value of  

1 (a).  .  

Solution 1 (a).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   The principal value is   .

Solution.   Use  ,  where  .   Calculation reveals  

                    .

We are done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

This solution is complements of the authors.

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell