Exercise 1.  Find the principal value of  

1 (c).  .  

Solution 1 (c).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   The principal value is   .

Solution.   Use  ,  where  .   Calculation reveals  

                      

We are done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

          Some of the points    (the principal value    is in green).

This solution is complements of the authors.

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell