Exercise 15.  Let  .   Show that the polar representation    can be used to denote the displacement vector from , as indicated in Figure 1.17.  

                           Figure 1.17.

Solution 15.

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

From the Figure 11.17 it is clear that  ,  and  .  The exponential form    gives the desired conclusion.

This solution is complements of the authors.

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell