Exercise 1.  Find   [Graphics:Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_1.gif]   for the following functions:

1 (k).   [Graphics:Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_295.gif].

Solution 1 (k).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_296.gif]

Solution.   Use Definition 7.6 or Theorem 7.10 in Section 7.4 to determine that  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_297.gif]  has a simple zero at the point [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_298.gif].

Applying Definition 7.6 with  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_299.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_300.gif]  we compute

                    [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_301.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_302.gif].   

Hence, we conclude that so that  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_303.gif]  has a zero of order  2  at  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_304.gif].  

Or you can apply Theorem 7.10 and expand  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_305.gif] in a Taylor series about the point [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_306.gif].

                    [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_307.gif].  

The first few coefficients of the Taylor series are  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_308.gif].

Hence, we can conclude that  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_309.gif]  has a zero of order  2  at  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_310.gif].

        Here we have  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_311.gif]  and the denominator  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_312.gif]  has a zero of order  2  at  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_313.gif].

Now apply  Corollary 7.5 to conclude that [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_314.gif]  has a pole of order  2  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_315.gif],  and by Theorem 8.2 the residue is calculated as follows:

                     [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_316.gif]  

We are done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_317.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_318.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_319.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_320.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_321.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_322.gif]

Maple can check our work too!

     > limit( diff((z-0)^2*1/(z*sin(z)),z), z=0 );

               0

We are really done.   

Alternate Solution.   If you prefer, you can expand  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_323.gif]  in a Laurent series about  [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_324.gif].

                    [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_325.gif]

This might be quite tedious, so we will show how to do it with Mathematica and Maple.

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_326.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_327.gif]


     > series( 1/(z*sin(z)), z=0,10 );

               [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_328.gif]

We are really really done.   

Aside.  Both [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_329.gif] and [Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_330.gif] are capable of finding residues.

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_331.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ResidueCalcModHome_gr_332.gif]


     > residue( 1/(z*sin(z)), z=0 );

               0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This solution is complements of the authors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell