Solution 1 (c).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_97.gif]   has simple zeros at   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_98.gif].  

Solution Method I.   Factorization reveals that  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_99.gif],

and it is evident that there are two simple zeros at   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_100.gif].  

Solution Method II.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_101.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_102.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_103.gif].  

Then    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_104.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_105.gif].

Thus  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_106.gif],  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_107.gif].

Applying Definition 7.6 we conclude that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_108.gif]  has a zero of order 1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_109.gif].  

Similarly, it can be shown that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_110.gif]  has a zero of order 1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_111.gif].  

Solution Method III.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_112.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_113.gif].

Expand  f(z) in its Taylor series for centered at  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_114.gif]  and get

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_115.gif],

and it is evident that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_116.gif]  has a zero of order  1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_117.gif].  

Remark.  Horner's method could be used to divide  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_118.gif]  by  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_119.gif]  and obtain this result.

Similarly,   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_120.gif]  has a zero of order  1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_121.gif].  

We are done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_122.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_123.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_124.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_125.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_126.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_127.gif]

We are really done.   

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_128.gif]

          The zeros  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_129.gif]  of order  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_130.gif], respectively.  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_131.gif]

                              A contour plot for   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_132.gif].  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_133.gif][Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_134.gif]

                                                                      Plots for   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_135.gif].  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This solution is complements of the authors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell