Solution 1 (e).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_211.gif]   has simple zeros at   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_212.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_213.gif].

Solution Method I.   Factorization reveals that  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_214.gif],

and it is evident that there are four simple zeros at   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_215.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_216.gif].

We are done.   

Solution Method II.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_217.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_218.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_219.gif].  

Then    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_220.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_221.gif].

Applying Definition 7.6 we conclude that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_222.gif]  has a zero of order 1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_223.gif].  

Similarly, it can be shown that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_224.gif]  has a zeros of order 1  at the points  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_225.gif].  

We are really done.   

Solution Method III.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_226.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_227.gif].

Expand  f(z) in its Taylor series for centered at  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_228.gif]  and get

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_229.gif],

and it is evident that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_230.gif]  has a zero of order  1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_231.gif].  

Remark.  Horner's method could be used to divide  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_232.gif]  by  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_233.gif]  and obtain this result.

Similarly,   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_234.gif]  has a zeros of order  1  at the points  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_235.gif].  

We are really really  done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_236.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_237.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_238.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_239.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_240.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_241.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_242.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_243.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_244.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_245.gif]

We are really really  really  done.   

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_246.gif]

          The zeros  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_247.gif]  of order  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_248.gif], respectively.  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_249.gif]

                         A contour plot for   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_250.gif].  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_251.gif][Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_252.gif]

                                                                      Plots for   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_253.gif].  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This solution is complements of the authors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell