Solution 1 (g).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_296.gif]   has simple zeros at   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_297.gif],  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_298.gif],   and   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_299.gif].  

Solution Method I.   Factorization reveals that  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_300.gif][Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_301.gif],

and it is evident that there are six simple zeros at   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_302.gif],  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_303.gif],   and   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_304.gif].  

We are done.   

Solution Method II.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_305.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_306.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_307.gif].  

Then  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_308.gif]    and    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_309.gif].

Thus  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_310.gif],  and  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_311.gif].

Applying Definition 7.6 we conclude that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_312.gif]  has a zero of order 1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_313.gif].  

Similarly, it can be shown that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_314.gif]  has a zeros of order 1  at the points  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_315.gif].  

We are really done.   

Solution Method III.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_316.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_317.gif].

Expand  f(z) in its Taylor series for centered at  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_318.gif]  and get

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_319.gif][Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_320.gif],

and it is evident that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_321.gif]  has a zero of order  1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_322.gif].  

Remark.  Horner's method could be used to divide  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_323.gif]  by  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_324.gif]  and obtain this result.

Similarly,   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_325.gif]  has zeros of order  1  at the points  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_326.gif],  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_327.gif],   and   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_328.gif].  

We are really really done.   

Another Solution using Method III.   Consider  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_329.gif]  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_330.gif].

Expand  f(z) in its Taylor series for centered at  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_331.gif]  and get

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_332.gif]  

and it is evident that  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_333.gif]  has a zero of order  1  at the point  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_334.gif].  

We are really really really done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_335.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_336.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_337.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_338.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_339.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_340.gif]

We are really really really really done.   

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_341.gif]

          The zeros  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_342.gif]  
          of order  [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_343.gif], respectively.  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_344.gif]

                              A contour plot for   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_345.gif].  

                    [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_346.gif]

                                   A plot for   [Graphics:../Images/SingularityZeroPoleModHome_gr_347.gif].  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This solution is complements of the authors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) 2008 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell