Exercise 15 (b).  Construct a filter using the zeros   [Graphics:Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1583.gif].   What signals are "zeroed out" ?

Solution 15 (b).

See text and/or instructor's solution manual.

Answer.   Compute the product  

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1678.gif].  

The desired filter is  

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1679.gif].  

Solution.   Use the conjugate pairs of zeros  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1680.gif]  and  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1681.gif]  and calculate  

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1682.gif]   

        Now use the General Filter Equation (9-29) and the corresponding Transfer Function (9-34) in the case  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1683.gif].     

Get the new fact that the transfer function  

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1684.gif],  

corresponds to the filter  

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1685.gif].  

        For this exercise, we use   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1686.gif], [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1687.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1688.gif]   in these equations to get the desired recursive formula  

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1689.gif].  

Therefore, the desired filter for (b) is

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1690.gif].  

for "zeroing out" the signals   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1691.gif].

 

We are done.   

Aside.  We can let Mathematica double check our work.

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1692.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1693.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1694.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1695.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1696.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1697.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1698.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1699.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1700.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1701.gif]

Aside.  The Maple commands are similar  

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1702.gif]  

                                                            [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1703.gif]  


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1704.gif]  

                                                            [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1705.gif]  

 

We are really done.   

Aside.  We can graph the amplitude response for the filter   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1706.gif].  

 

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1707.gif]          [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1708.gif]

                    Amplitude response   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1709.gif],  

                    and zero-pole plot of   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1710.gif],  

                    for the filter   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1711.gif].

                    We can see that the high-range frequencies are attenuated, and   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1712.gif]   for   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1713.gif].  

 

Remark.  In part 15 (a) we saw what happens when we change the sign of the terms   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1714.gif].  

 

We are really really done.   

Aside.  Let us investigate how well the filter works to eliminate signals  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1715.gif] which are close to the "zero-out" frequencies.

        For illustration purposes we will explore the casual input signal   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1716.gif].

The signal component  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1717.gif]  will be amplified by the factor  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1718.gif].  

The signal component  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1719.gif]  will be attenuated by the factor  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1720.gif],  and

The signal component  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1721.gif]  will be attenuated by the factor  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1722.gif].  

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1723.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1724.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1725.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1726.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1727.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1728.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1729.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1730.gif]

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1731.gif]          [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1732.gif]

                    The causal input sequence   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1733.gif]   and the corresponding causal output sequence.

                    Since we have  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1734.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1735.gif],
                    
                    this filter reduces the proportion of the signal component   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1736.gif]   by a factor of   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1737.gif].
                    
                    Since we have  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1738.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1739.gif],
                    
                    this filter reduces the proportion of the signal component   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1740.gif]   by a factor of   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1741.gif].

 

We are really really really done.   

Aside.  Let us investigate how well the filter works to eliminate the signal  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1742.gif] which is close to a "zero-out" frequency.

and retains the signal   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1743.gif].  

Remark.  In part (a) we saw how to eliminate the latter.

        For illustration purposes we will explore the casual input signal   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1744.gif].

The signal component  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1745.gif]  will be amplified by the factor  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1746.gif].  

The signal component  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1747.gif]  will be amplified  by the factor  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1748.gif],  and  

The signal component  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1749.gif]  will be attenuated by the factor  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1750.gif].  

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1751.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1752.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1753.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1754.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1755.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1756.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1757.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1758.gif]

                    [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1759.gif]          [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1760.gif]

                    The causal input sequence   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1761.gif]   and the corresponding causal output sequence.

                    Since we have  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1762.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1763.gif],
                    
                    this filter reduces the proportion of the signal component   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1764.gif]   only little by the factor of   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1765.gif].

                    Since we have  [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1766.gif]   and   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1767.gif],
                    
                    this filter reduces the proportion of the signal component   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1768.gif]   a lot by the factor of   [Graphics:../Images/ZTransformFilterModHome_gr_1769.gif].

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This solution is complements of the authors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) 20098 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell