Example 6.  Use Newton's method and Steffensen's acceleration method to find numerical approximations to the multiple root near  x = 2  of the function  [Graphics:Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_218.gif].  
Show details of the computations for the starting value  [Graphics:Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_219.gif].  Compare the number of iterations for the two methods.

Solution 6.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_220.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_221.gif]

Graph the function.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_222.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_223.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_224.gif]

Starting with  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_225.gif], use the Newton-Raphson method to find a numerical approximation to the root.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_226.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_227.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_228.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_229.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_230.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_231.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_232.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_233.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_234.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_235.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_236.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_237.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_238.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_239.gif]

We can use Mathematica's Solve procedure to determine some of the roots.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_240.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_241.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_242.gif]

For Newton's method, how far away is the ninth iteration  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_243.gif]  from the root  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_244.gif] ?
Note. The last iteration is actually stored in  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_245.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_246.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_247.gif]

Starting with  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_248.gif], use Steffensen's acceleration method to find a numerical approximation to the root.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_249.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_250.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_251.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_252.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_253.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_254.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_255.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_256.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_257.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_258.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_259.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_260.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_261.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_262.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_263.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_264.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_265.gif]


For Steffensen's acceleration method, how far away is the ninth iteration from the root  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_266.gif] ?
Note. The last iteration is actually stored in  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_267.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_268.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_269.gif]

This is closer than  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_270.gif]  which was obtained with Newton's method.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) John H. Mathews 2004