Symmetry

    The solution curve to the logistic differential equation

            [Graphics:Images/PopulationProof_gr_86.gif].  

is given by

            [Graphics:Images/PopulationProof_gr_87.gif].  

and it is symmetric about the point  [Graphics:Images/PopulationProof_gr_88.gif].

[Graphics:Images/PopulationProof_gr_89.gif]

            [Graphics:Images/PopulationProof_gr_90.gif]

Proof.

What would it take to convince us of this fact?

We can easily determine that [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_91.gif] lies on the curve [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_92.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_93.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_94.gif]

We can substitute [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_95.gif] into the formula  [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_96.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_97.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_98.gif]

And we can look at the graph in the example to see if it "looks right."

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_99.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_100.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_101.gif]

 

 

This might be easier to see if we plot the curve over an interval symmetric about  [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_102.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_103.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_104.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_105.gif]

The following animation might make this fact easier to see.

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_106.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_107.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_108.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_109.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_110.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_111.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_112.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_113.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_114.gif]

 

 

The general proof for symmetry requires a bit of effort and thought. We want to solve the D. E.

    [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_115.gif].

With the initial condition

    [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_116.gif].

And we know that it is to pass through the point of symmetry

    [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_117.gif].

So why not ask Mathematica to do it !

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_118.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_119.gif]

And now we can determine if  f[t]  is symmetric about the point [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_120.gif].

The point of symmetry can be shifted to the origin as follows:

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_121.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_122.gif]

We must verify that  g[t] = -g[-t] .

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_123.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_124.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_125.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_126.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_127.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_128.gif]

Therefore, we have shown that the logistic curve is symmetric about the point    [Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_129.gif].

It is easier to see this fact graphically.

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_130.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_131.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_132.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_133.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_134.gif]

We must verify that  g[t] = -g[-t] .

[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_135.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/PopulationProof_gr_136.gif]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) John H. Mathews 2004