Example 2.  An arrow is shot upward from the origin with an initial velocity of  300 ft/sec.  Assume that air resistance is proportional to the velocity, [Graphics:Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_88.gif], and use the model  
        [Graphics:Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_89.gif].  
Find the velocity and position as a function of time, and plot the position function.  Find the ascent time, the descent time, maximum height, and the impact velocity.

Solution 2.

First, compute the solution using the Runge-Kutta method for second order D.E.'s.

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_90.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_91.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_92.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_93.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_94.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_95.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_96.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_97.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_98.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_99.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_100.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_101.gif]

The solution we seek is the first coordinate in the 2D system.

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_102.gif]

Now we can plot the solution.

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_103.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_104.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_105.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_106.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_107.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_108.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_109.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_110.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_111.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_112.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_113.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_114.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_115.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_116.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_117.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_118.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_119.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_120.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_121.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_122.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_123.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_124.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_125.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_126.gif]

Compare the Runge-Kutta solution with the analytic solution.

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_127.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_128.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_129.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_130.gif]

Notice that the maximum altitude will occur when the time is near t = 8,
and the arrow will hit the ground when the time is near t = 17.

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_131.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_132.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_133.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_134.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_135.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_136.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_137.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_138.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_139.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_140.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_141.gif]

In this model, the descent time is larger that the ascent time.
Don't we expect this to happen in the "real world."

Compare the two models of examples 1, and 2.

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_142.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_143.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_144.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/ProjectileMotionMod_gr_145.gif]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) John H. Mathews 2004